Mental Health And Social Work. Mental Health Social Workers

Mental Health and Social Work Mental health social workers provide prevention, remedies, and healing of many mental illnesses, by working with the client as well as their family. This type of social work has been on the rise due to an increase in mental illnesses. Three examples of a mental illness are as follows: schizophrenia, eating disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Those are just a few examples out of many, but with mental illness, you can be sure that a social worker is not far behind. The mental health social workers work diligently to address each level of their client’s diagnoses. The settings in which a social worker can work vary by the degree the social work has earned and employer requirements. The previously†¦show more content†¦There are many services a social worker can perform to create a safe environment for their clients. As a matter of fact, a social worker can administer individual therapy, family therapy, vocational rehabilitation, group therapy, and assertive community treatment (Timothy Tunner, 2017). When providing a client with individual therapy it is one on one and it gives the social worker a chance to understand their client’s past struggles that may have been the cause of the onset of schizophrenia. While performing individual therapy psychoanalytic therapy is said to explore problems and experiences that a person may have had as a child (Timothy Tunner, 2017). For this reason, psychoanalytic therapy is not recommended for a person with schizophrenia (Timothy Tunner, 2017). With family therapy, there is no guarantee that the client with schizophrenia will even be present. Family therapy is mostly a support group for the families of the mentally ill. This is a time for the families to ask questions and to get a better understanding of the illness. Then there is vocational rehabilit ation where the social worker assists their clients in meeting their academic and/or their career goals. Social workers will also use group therapy to address one’s problems in a group setting. It doesn’t necessarily have to be someone with schizophrenia, but it is a good practice to use to allow people to express their feelings and to know they’re not alone. IfShow MoreRelatedPsychiatric Social Work1522 Words   |  7 PagesOrigins Social work with people with mental illness, known initially as psychiatric social work, began in the 1950s at the six county psychiatric hospitals across Northern Ireland (Herron 1998). These hospitals were administered by the Regional Health Authorities, whilst the new psychiatric social workers were out-posted from the County Welfare Authorities. The introduction of generic social work under the Seebohm reforms into Northern Ireland in 1972 coincided with the establishment of the integratedRead MoreExamining the Skills and Traits of Mental Health Service Workers1136 Words   |  5 Pagesthe mental health of communities and society in general. Physical illnesses such as cancer, heart disease and obesity have drained medical resources everywhere much at the expense of mental health workers. Examining the characteristics of mental health care workers becomes very valuable and informative in approaching this problem. The purpose of this essay is to examine the skills and traits of a mental health service worker in order to better understand what is required to help combat mental illnessRead MoreThe Current Mental Health Policies Essay1662 Words   |  7 Pagesrelated to mental health are not only considered as personal but also affecting the relationships with significant others. The stigma and discrimination faced by people with mental health can be traced to the lack of legislation and protection of rights (Rodriguez del Barrio et al., 2014). The policy makers in mental health have a challenging task to protect the rights of individuals as well as the public (Swigger Heinmiller, 2014). Therefore, it is essential to analyse the current mental health policiesRead MoreMental Health And Addiction Services Essay930 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Mental health is one of significant issues in New Zealand. The government has been making greater efforts to improve the quality and outcomes of mental health and addiction services for clients, families, whÄ nau, and communities for a number of years (Ministry of Health, 2012). According to Ministry of Health (2014a), approximately 148,000 people accessed mental health and addiction services in 2011/12. Of these, 54% were male while 46% were female. Furthermore, approximately 126,000Read MoreCompetency Based Assessment and Interviewing1653 Words   |  7 Pagestools and interviewing skills are available to the clinical social worker within a mental health setting. This paper will examine one such assessment tool, the competency based assessment, and its applicability in a mental health setting. A comparison will be made between this advanced assessment method and a generalist social work assessment. Interviewing people who have mental health concerns can offer challenges for c linical social workers. Several interviewing techniques that can help with someRead MoreArea in Social Care Im Interested in1471 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Social Care is a profession committed to the planning and delivery of quality care and other support services for individuals and groups with identified needs. Social Care Worker plans and provides professional individual or group care to clients with personal and social needs†. (Share, 2009). In this essay I have been asked to research an area in social care that I am interested in. I am also asked to explore the role of a social care worker in my chosen area. I have defined social care and aRead More Social Workers in Mental Health Facilities and Outpatient Clinics 1487 Words   |  6 Pages When thinking about social work, there are different avenues that a worker can explore in this vast field. Because a social workers job is multifaceted, workers can not only integrate themselves in an already created avenue, but can also tailor a field, specifically for a need in the community. Looking at the many different fields in the area of social work, the area of Social Workers in Mental Health facilities and outpatient clinics stands out as an area of depth and interest. This field isRead MoreReducing Mental Health Stigmas1195 Words   |  5 PagesReducing Mental Health Stigmas According to the National Alliance of Mental Health, 1 in 5 adults in the United States of America experience mental illness in a given year (NAMI, 2017). Out of those adults, not all will seek out mental health services. If there are services in the community being offered, why are the services not utilized more often by these individuals? There may be many barriers that preventRead MoreMental Health And The Southeast Asian Community906 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Issue The research problem I am interested in studying is mental health in Southeast Asian Community. Growing up, my mother suffered from major depression and younger brother with bipolar disorder. However, my parents would not acknowledge and does not believe that talking to medical professional with help them. My brother joined a gang and was getting involved in criminal activities in middle school. He went to juvenile hall to group homes, prison and then moved to Minnesota to live withRead MoreMental Illness : The Vulnerable Population Essay1210 Words   |  5 Pages A social need that is experienced by the vulnerable population is mentally illness. Mental illness clients in my opinion are the most neglected, as well as, the most vulnerable population and today time. The scope of the issues is that mental illness disorders as schizophrenia, bipolar and major depressive disorder, are disorders persistent that affect the brain. However, these disorders can cause a person to experience a sudden mood change. Also, people with these disorders may experience difficulties

Feminism, The Yellow Wallpaper, And Jackson s The Lottery

Feminism, the belief that women and men should both have equal rights, was a movement that many men did not believe in before the 1960s and 1970s. The feminist movement started after the 1970s. Women such as Adrienne Rich (poet), Charlotte Perkins Gilman (feminist) and Shirley Jackson (writer), are women that used their works of literature to show their views on the ways men controlled their wives physically and mentally. Rich wrote Living In Sin, Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper, and Jackson wrote The Lottery. Although each work of literature is written by a different author, they each have the same common theme, feminism. These writers displayed this common theme throughout the use of literary devices, characterization, setting, and plot structure. This critical paper will specify the many examples they used while comparing and contrasting the settings, characters importance, and the point of view that the author used. Adrienne Rich, also known as Adrienne Cecile Rich, was born on May 16, 1929. Rich’s father influenced her to start writing, which he hoped (Adrienne Rich). If not for her father introducing her to literature and inspiring her to write, she would not have many of the accomplishments she has, or created other major writings that people have come to love. Rich received many awards; such as, the National Poetry Association award in 1989, Robert Frost Silver Medal for Lifetime Achievement Poetry in 1992, Lenore Marshall National Poetry Prize, and Los AngelesShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson And The Yellow Wallpaper1302 Words   |  6 Pages Reading The Lottery by Shirley Jackson and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman make the reader so passionate to know what is going to happen next because they are two of the most expressive and meaningful stories that have lots of great deep meanings. These stories share so many similarities when it comes to symbols, themes, and conflicts. Although The Lottery and The Yellow Wallpaper do not have the same plot, their themes have some similarities like following unfair traditions

Managerial and Behavioral Approach Management

Question: Discuss about the Managerial and Behavioral Approach Management. Answer: Introduction: John Tomey, the business manager at Wesfarmers had been facing a number of issues related to Human Resource Management in the organization. It has been understood by John that he lacks certain capabilities and requires skill set that would help him to build a better relationship with the employees of the organization that would directly help in improving the performance of the business. Analysis of the case study: As commented by Shafritz et al. (2015, p.42), organizational performance is the practice of actively utilizing the resources of the organization. These include the core competencies as well as the strength of the employees working in the organization. In order to achieve the targeted goals, it is important to undertake best suitable practices as business strategies for the organization. In this respect, Shafritz, Ott Jang, (2015, p.62) commented that by improving the performance of the employees, the organization will be able to cut costs and would increase efficiency of the organization. From the case study it has been evident that the staffs that John inherited do not make the numbers in their performance and some of them do not live the values. Therefore, it is evident that focus has to be made on improving the performance of the staffs as well as the managers of the organization. As stated by Naylor et al. (2013, p.32), business strategies vary from one organization to another depending on the capability and the availability of the resources in the organization. The management of the organization is responsible for framing the organizational strategies. Thus, it completely depends on the managers at the higher authority to frame the best suitable strategies for the particular organization. In case of Wesfarmer, it has to be said that since, the organization is involved in a number of activities it requires support from the employees at a continuous basis. Therefore, it is important to frame organizational strategies focusing on building positive relationship between the managers and the employees of the Company. Best-fit or best practices: The best fit or best practice organizational strategies that the managers can adopt that will lead to the growth of the business are by motivating the employees. It has to be understood that the several divisions of the Wesfarmers and it is a large conglomerate of mixed business. Therefore, it is required to come up with certain organizational strategies that would influence the employees to participate in the workplace activities. A number of performance improving best-fit organizational strategies can be mentioned here. Performance-pay practices: The HR practice can be based upon performance pay. It is advised that performance based pay option can be easily adopted as one of the organizational strategies. As commented by Shafiee, Lotfi Saleh, (2014, p.5096), performance based pay is the most practical application that the HR management of an organization can apply to improve the efficiency of the employees. The employees should be given some extra pay for their performance, for instance, if they work over time or more than their target. As pointed out by Hoque, (2014, p.50), that money always attracts employees and compel them to work more efficiently. Therefore, it is highly recommended to give incentives and bonuses to the employees working in Wesfarmers. Performance management: Performance management is the practice of using the performance data of the employees to improve the performance of the organization. The practice involves the strategic use of various measurements and standard of performance to achieve the targets and goals of the organization. As commented by Keyes, (2016, p.40), it falls on the part of the managers to set the expectations of work on the employees and keep reviewing the performance to achieve better results and reward performance. In this respect, Hansen Schaltegger, (2016, p.210) pointed out that performance is the sum of the behavior and the result, which clearly indicates that the employee should also focus on their behavior to achieve better performance results. Therefore, it is suggested that at Wesfarmers, John could come up with a performance management plan and would collect data of the performance of the employees and the managers. However, Mugo, M., Njanja David, (2015, p.42) pointed out that there are a number of limit ations of measuring the performance. For instance, the performance management data could not include the timeliness, reliability and validity of the particular employee. RBV approach towards the organization: The Resource-based view or the RBV theory is based on gaining competitive advantage by a firm by utilizing the tangible and intangible resources available to the organization. As commented by Miner (2015, p.36), the available resources can be utilized by an organization for gaining not only short term advantages but for long term competitive advantage as well. If the available resources are utilized properly, there remain better chances of gaining a consistent growth in the market. In case of Wesfarmers, it can be said that better training and learning procedure can be introduced in the organization to teach the employees and improve the capabilities of them (Hansen Schaltegger, 2016, p.203). In order to achieve this, it is expected that the organization should come up with better training programs where the employees could be taught for improving the performance of the employees and workers of the organization. Corporate growth strategies: It is expected that the manager should also focus on the corporate growth strategies as well. As stated by Mugo, Njanja David, (2015, p.52), there are a number of internal methods that can be used for the purpose of corporate growth. For instance, the corporate strategies should include methods of developing new markets for the sales of the products manufactured by the organization. It has been found that Wesfarmers is responsible for the manufacturing of a number of products. Therefore, focus should be made on increasing the market penetration of the products. Purce, (2014, p.23) revealed a number of strategies for corporate growth. These include, external methods like acquiring or merging other organizations belonging to the same category. In addition to this, the organization might come up with the approach of introducing new products in the existing market. For the same purpose, there might be need of new hiring of employees or alerting the existing employees about the introduct ion of the new product (Klarner, Yoshikawa Hitt, 2014, p.65). This could be done by the manager at the workplace. Training the employees will ensure better quality and performance at the workplace. Balanced Scorecard approach: The Balanced Scorecard approach is a system perspective but can be regarded as an integrated approach to measure organizational performance. In the view point of Goswami Ha-Brookshire, (2015, p.260), in order to manage and deploy the organizational resources to deliver and fulfill the organizational objectives that falls on the prime responsibility of the senior managers, the balanced scorecard method is used by the organization. It is expected that an organization should come up with their scorecard measurement performance and generate their valuable information related to various organizational activities. As pointed out by De Waal, (2013, p.36), it is with the help of the analysis of the balanced scorecard the management can be aware of the potential performance of the employees and can design their strategic makeover. Four major perspectives of utilizing the balanced scored card are Financial, Customer, Operational and People. It is expected that the organizational objectives should be cascade down to those four perspectives in order to achieve a clear path of the implementation of the organizational strategies. A balanced scorecard-factors example that John can implement in the said organization can be given as under: Department Function Finance Keeping an understanding of the major areas of functions including Return on Investment, the Cash Flow, Return on Capital of the employed workers and half yearly or quarterly financial results (Wolpert et al. 2014, p.52). Internal Business Processes The internal organizational activities including understanding the function of each employee in the organization. In case if there is creation of duplication of work that has to be stopped that the efficiency of the work increase. If applicable, the organization is also expected to carry out process bottlenecks and process automation approaches to improve the organizational effectiveness (Shields et al. 2015, p.63). Advanced technology has to be used in order to carry out the business activities in the organization. The software should be easily accessible to all and that the employees should be able to communicate properly and update their activities accordingly. Learning and Growth As already mentioned, there should be the provision for teaching and learning the employees and the workers. As commented by Poister, Pasha Edwards, (2013, p.635), there should remain a level of work satisfaction among the workers that they would be able to perform best as per their ability. Providing better opportunities to the employees to perform in the organization will provide better opportunities to develop and improve the organizational activities. Customer Whatever work that is done in the organization is aimed at satisfying the needs of the customers. Therefore, focus should be made on improving the organizational performance that would ultimately help to satisfy the customers. In this respect, it can also be added that gaining feedback from the customers can also help to improve the organizational activities (Budworth, Latham Manroop, 2015, p.50). Therefore, the manager is also expected to carry out surveys at a regular basis to understanding the changing nature of demand of the employees. Table: Balanced scorecard approach towards the organization Summary of strategies required to improve business performance The paper is based on the analysis of the issues faced by John at Wesfarmers. It has been observed that John is responsible for managing the internal mangers as well as the staffs of the organization. It has been observed that in order to meet the organizational activities and improve the present condition of the organization, it is important to apply a number of organizational strategies. These strategies should be best fit practices for the organization. It has been observed that there should be improvement in the organizational practices. For instances, there should be introduction of a number of motivational factors that would help the employees to motivate in the work place and increase their efficiencies (Goswami Ha-Brookshire, 2015, p.260). For the same reason, a number of practices have been proposed. For instance, motivating employees on the basis of performance pay. There should be introduction of incentives and bonuses to the employees for their performance at the organiz ation. In addition to this, the performance of the employees should be regularly followed and measured. There should be awards and recognition to be given to the employees as a part of the motivational factors. Apart from that, it has also been understood that it is indeed important to utilize the resources available at the organization to a large extent that will automatically improve the organizational operation to a large extent (Mugo, Njanja David, 2015, p.52). The approach of framing the balanced scorecard cannot be denied. It has to be said that it is by the means of framing a balanced scorecard of the different areas of functions, it is possible to carry out a balanced operational activity in the organization. It has been suggested that the strategic management should include the introduction of new and advanced technology at the workplace. As proposed by Shields et al. (2015, p.63), technological advancement has opened up better opportunities for the organization as well as the emp loyees working in the organization to utilize the technology to improve their work. Therefore, there should be introduction of technologies as well. Apart from this, taking feedbacks from the customers of the organization is also important. It is on the basis of the feedback, changes in the organizational activities are recommended. All these activities have to carry on by the managers of the Company. Therefore, John is responsible for understanding the situation and framing organizational activities accordingly. Conclusion: The paper has highlighted the problems faced by John, the manager at Wesfarmers. A number of organizational strategies have been highlighted that the manager can apply at the workplace to improve the present context of the organization. It is thus, expected that if the organization carry out the proposed strategies, it would be effective for the organization. References: Budworth, M.H., Latham, G.P. Manroop, L., 2015. Looking forward to performance improvement: a field test of the feedforward interview for performance management.Human Resource Management,Vol. 54(1), pp.45-54. De Waal, A., 2013.Strategic Performance Management: A managerial and behavioral approach. Palgrave Macmillan. Goswami, S. Ha-Brookshire, J., 2015. From compliance to a growth strategy: Exploring historical transformation of corporate sustainability.Journal of Global Responsibility, Vol.6(2), pp.246-261. Hansen, E.G. Schaltegger, S., 2016. The sustainability balanced scorecard: A systematic review of architectures.Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 133(2), pp.193-221. Hoque, Z., 2014. 20 years of studies on the balanced scorecard: Trends, accomplishments, gaps and opportunities for future research.The British accounting review,Vol. 46(1), pp.33-59 Keyes, J., 2016.Implementing the IT balanced scorecard: Aligning IT with corporate strategy. CRC Press. Klarner, P., Yoshikawa, T. Hitt, M., 2014. Towards a Temporal Theory of Board Attention to Corporate Growth Initiatives. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Mugo, M., Njanja, L. David, M., 2015. The collective effect of succession planning, succession timing and successor commitment on corporate growth strategy among local family businesses in the manufacturing industry sector in Nairobi County. Naylor, J.C., Pritchard, R.D. Ilgen, D.R., 2013.A theory of behavior in organizations. Academic Press. Poister, T.H., Pasha, O.Q. Edwards, L.H., 2013. Does performance management lead to better outcomes? Evidence from the US public transit industry.Public Administration Review,Vol. 73(4), pp.625-636. Purce, J., 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Shafiee, M., Lotfi, F.H. Saleh, H., 2014. Supply chain performance evaluation with data envelopment analysis and balanced scorecard approach.Applied Mathematical Modelling,Vol. 38(21), pp.5092-5112. Shafritz, J.M., Ott, J.S. Jang, Y.S., 2015.Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Wolpert, M., Deighton, J., De Francesco, D., Martin, P., Fonagy, P. Ford, T., 2014. From reckless to mindfulin the use of outcome data to inform service-level performance management: perspectives from child mental health.BMJ quality safety, pp.bmjqs-2013.

Waitrose Company Essay Example

Waitrose Company Essay Waitrose was founded in 1904 and is the supermarket division of the John Lewis Partnership, with 187 branches. Like the Partnerships Department Stores, Waitrose is targeted at the middle class market, emphasising quality food and customer service rather than low prices. Their slogan reflects this Quality food, honestly priced. Waitroses main competitors in this market are Marks and Spencer and Sainsburys. The typical Waitrose customer has been described as affluent, interested in culture, travel, fine foods and wine and a likely Classic FM listener and BBC 1 viewer. Waitrose.com We will write a custom essay sample on Waitrose Company specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Waitrose Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Waitrose Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Waitrose included its three existing Internet sites which were Waitrose Deliver, [emailprotected], and Waitrose direct into an upgraded Waitrose.com website in August 2001. The online grocer Ocado has also taken over the distribution of Waitrose products, but has its own site (Ocado.com). Waitrose.com also functions as a shop finder that quickly shows users the shop closest to them, including map, travel instructions and opening times. Locations Waitrose is currently bound to its southeast location because there are only two major regional distribution centers in place (Bracknell Northampton). Although further expansion in the North and West is planned, Waitrose has no plans to expand overseas, unlike its bigger competitors. Segmentation Waitrose is able to identify different groups of buyers who share similar definable needs and behaviors by segmenting the market. Waitrose segments its market on simple variables such as incomes. This is shown by the number of stores that are based in the south of England showing that Waitrose is aiming at the higher income earners at the upper end of the market, and segmenting itself towards the social groups of A, B and C1. Waitrose has not based any stores in areas such as Newcastle, Middlesbrough, Liverpool and Bradford as these are Britains poorest regions, which Waitrose would not benefit from financially. The UK Online Market Research shows that more British food shoppers have been converted to online grocery shopping than in any other country. However, Internet sales still represent a tiny, although growing, percentage of the overall UK grocery market. Most people use the Internet as a way of gathering information on products and making price comparisons before visiting their local store. Tesco was the first grocery retailer to introduce online shopping and is now the worlds biggest Internet grocer. Question 1 Means of capturing information for use in e-business processes Organisations are increasingly using databases to manage customer relationships to increase both sales and customer satisfaction. A database can help you identify key trends and important information such as your most and least profitable customers. Waitrose E-CRM programme (E-Customer Resource Management) The E-CRM programme aims to build awareness and generate customer interaction with the Waitrose brand both in-branch and on Waitrose.com. Waitrose provides customers with monthly email communications, which will provide a platform to keep Waitrose front of mind, whilst reminding customers of their full range of services. The emails include information specifically tailored to the customer on seasonal foods arriving in branch, targeted special offers, new recipes and information on food suppliers. The emails are refreshed each month to give customers new ideas from Waitrose by analysing their shopping data. Waitrose.com has become recognised as one of the leading UK portals for food lovers, and the emails enable customers to click to the site to learn more about Waitrose food, offers or search for recipes and shopping lists. Visitors to the site can also find a selection of menu ideas and tips on preparing food, plus nutrition and wine experts can be emailed for individual advice. Ocado Waitrose uses an e-GRM programme to boost loyalty among early adopters of its online home delivery store Ocado. Waitrose Partnership Account Card The Partnership Card from John Lewis and a Waitrose credit card that earns customers vouchers when they spend. The Partnership Card allows customers to earn points towards vouchers. Waitrose sends vouchers directly to their customers three times a year. They can be spent on products in John Lewis, Waitrose and at Ocado.com. The Partnership Card entitles customers to receive exclusive theatre ticket promotions and invitations to special events such as summer concerts and country shows. Waitrose Quick Check Waitrose provides their customers with the option of using the Quick Check service, which allows customers to scan goods while they shop using a handheld scanner and then the ability to pay quickly at a special desk. When customers sign up to this service their details will automatically be transferred onto a database, where Waitrose can keep a track on their buying habbits, how much they are spending per week and their favorite products. Internal Databases Within Waitrose Waitrose has many Internal databases used by different business functions that they use to hold information. Human Resources The human resource department will have information on a database of their employees. The information that is kept on employees will help Waitrose to carry out appraisals, when reviewing pay and paying wages and giving references to other employees. Sales Waitrose will keep information on the sales of products in their store. The information will be able to tell Waitrose what their best selling lines are, what products sells best, what products arent selling that well and may need to be discontinued. From the information Waitrose will be able to position certain products as required such as best selling products getting the best positions. Stock Waitrose will keep information on the stock they keep and how much of each product they have. The information will help Waitrose when bringing in new lines and discontinuing products. Store Layout Waitrose will have information on the layout of the store and where certain products are kept this may be important if they are moving products around or when bringing in new product lines and deciding on where to put them. Marketing The marketing department will have information on prices of products this made help them decide whether prices need to change for example to compete with competitors. They will also keep information on promotions online and in store this will help Waitrose to see when promotions need to be updated and what other products may need to be promoted. Buying Waitrose will keep information on what they buy and where they buy from, they will communicate with suppliers to tell them what stock they need and when they are going to need it. Example of how the information gets onto the database using sales. The barcode is scanned through the till which goes to the EPOS. The information may be replayed to the partnership card/ marketing via the LAN. The role of digital information in informing business decision-making This diagram is showing how the role of digital information is helping Waitrose business decision-making. The Diagram below has been spilt up into five different areas showing the different stages in communication and business decision-making. 1. In Store Communication The EPOS (electronic point of sale) systems will be able to tell Waitrose what products are top sellers and which ones arent selling as well, this will help them make decisions on where to put certain items. They could put top selling products in a better shelf space and maybe promote the items that arent selling or discontinue them. 2. Databases When the data has been collected in store or online the information is sent to the centre and then stored in the databases. Head office will use this information for making decisions on things like store replenishment, store layout, staffing and promotions. 3. Buy-Side collaboration buying from suppliers, suppliers will communicate with head office. Waitrose will need to tell suppliers what they want them to supply and when they want them to supply it. Waitrose will decide what products they are going to store and where they are going to be positioned in store. Decisions on pricing may also change due to promotions or other forms of marketing. Waitrose needs to insure that they have the right amount of stock on their shelves to meet consumer demands. Waitrose uses hand held guns which allow labels on the shelves to be scanned which allows the employee to see how much stock they have. The stock is electronically stored and connected to a server, which will tell the employees how much of certain products they have allowing them to decide when to place an order. 4. The communication between banks and stores for purchases made buy customers, the banks will need to authorise the credit or debit card when customers uses the chip and pin systems. The card will be checked to make sure that it isnt stolen and then the card will be authorised if no problems occur. 5. Sell-Side E-Commerce Waitrose website, when customers access Waitrose online and purchases goods through the internet information is collected on those customers, Waitrose will be able to see the location of the customer, what they are buying and how much they spend. They can use this information to their advantage buy sending the customer offers or vouchers on their favourite products so that they shop again with Waitrose or purchase more than they would normally. Waitrose could also suggest a store close to them, as looking around a supermarket will attract customers to impulse buy which will boost Waitrose products. Waitrose Telecommunications In branch view of telecommunications In store communications, employees will communicate in store via the LAN (Local Area Network) an internal link. Waitrose has mobile telephones to communicate around store using extension numbers to contact different sections. A tannoy is also used in store which allows the company to talk to the whole store at one time, for example when making announcements to customers such as the store is closing or to ask an employee to go to a certain section. Externally a switchboard is used so if a call is coming in from out side the company they will then be transferred to the person or section they want to speak to. If a number of calls are incoming at the same time they will be put on hold and then transferred once the line is free. Waitrose will also communicate to head office via the WAN (World-Wide Area Network) voice and data can be communicated.