The Culture Of Cambodia Cultural Studies Essay

The Culture Of Cambodia Cultural Studies Essay There is a different work hours between government and private offices. For government offices, the routine work hours is on Monday- Saturday since 7.30am until 4.30pm with breaking for the lunch time while private offices normally have no break by use working on ones shift instead to keep longer hours for example; shops, supermarket, etc. Cambodian have customs and tradition to have long and suitable relationships in any business. They trust having proper behavior is more important than work performance for example; if you are honest, responsible for your tasks, polite and respect to the superiors or the higher powers, etc. The higher power will concern and give some rewards to the good employees such as money or power. To give and opinion, Cambodian employees prefer to follow the superiors opinion than against them. Cambodians prefer to improve their English skills to enhance themselves to the internationally therefore, the English books, magazines or language tapes are popular to be the gifts for any business. Shoes and socks are unsuitable for the gifts because cultures they believe that the foot is the lowest of their body according to Buddhist cultures. Cambodia has a long history of culture and civilization which mainly influenced by Indian country. Notice from the Cambodians life involve with the religions of Buddhism and also Hinduism. Cambodia population around 95 percent is Theravada Buddhist according to relies on reasonableness, personal experience, and critical analysis. This is the main Buddhist in Southeast Asia including Cambodia which affected Cambodians culture and etiquette in nowadays and the other are Islam, atheism, or animism respectively. For example; the conceptual ideas about karma, collectivism, and saving face plays and important roles in the daily life of Cambodians. For karma, this idea involves with the rationality and law of action. If you do something, something will be happened follow things that you did. For collectivism, Cambodians prefer give priority to family, group, and society rather than the individual. This idea also concerns about saving face which tries to avoid losing someones face in any transactions. Losing face can be occurred when someone is criticized or is given compliments in the public. Therefore, if you want to do business with Cambodia, you should be aware of this action to assure that you are not misunderstanding this concept. The followings are the tips for saving Face; Normally the monks in Cambodia always highly respect in the society because they are faithful and admirable. They have similar ways to Thailand for example; they dressed in the color robes, women must avoid touching or handing to the monks even though she is a monks mother. To have a conversation with the monks, you should press the hands together at the chest  level for showing respect to the monks. For the daily routine of monks, they are allowed to eat only to times per days which are in the morning and lunch. Normally, when the Cambodians greet, they usually bow their head to show respect with press the hands together at chest level which is quite similar to Thailand. This gesture is known as Som Pas. However, when they greet with the foreigners, they usually adapt the greeting of western style by shaking hands. Typically, it is improper for the men to shake hands with Khmer women and to hug, kiss, or touch the body of a Khmer woman are not allowed and unsuitable in this society. To address the name of Cambodians, they use Lok instead of Mr. for the man and Lok Srey instead of Ms. or Mrs. for the woman before the first name and surname. Proper dress is an important for Cambodians for both men and women. It can show their position in the society for example, shorts are considered as the proper dress only for school children and it is not proper for both men and women if they want to go inside the official places or temples. Doing business in Cambodia also consider about the proper dress. Generally, to do business or working in Cambodia men wear collared shirts and long pants. For women, they wear dress or blouse instead short skirts and should not show their shoulders. It is a typically in Cambodian society to bring the gift for the host if you are invited to have lunch or dinner at someones home. Normally they give flowers, fruit, cookies, etc. Knives or sharp things are not popular to be the gifts. Moreover, gifts are preferred to wrap with colorful paper rather than the white because it means the sadness or mourning. Moreover, when you want to give the gifts, you should use both hands for showing care and gifts are not opened when you received. Cambodians emphasis on the formal dress when they are doing business for both domestic and international transactions, contact with the government sectors or enter to the official places. Moreover, having proper and formal dress show the respect to the people who are doing business with or the places that you will go there. Normally, both men and women wear a lightweight tropical suit in formal situations. Shorts and skirts are not suitable in the public. For less formal occasions, it is enough to wear casual shirts and blouses with collars. Cambodians culture in communication is very indirect and non-verbal behavior therefore, the person who want to do business in Cambodia should understand about this culture and be aware of it for example; they prefer silent when they disagree instead of complain in front of others, smiling in Cambodia has many meanings not only in the positive ways but also in the negative ways, etc. Time is also important in doing business here. If you arrive late, it means you ignore and do not respect to the person who you are doing business with. Business Cards Presenting the card in doing business is general in Cambodia and it should be exchanged at the beginning of introduction. For the business card, it is better if one side is translated into Khmer. When you present your card or receive the card, remember to use the right hand or both hands. Meeting and Greeting The followings are some guides for meeting and greeting in Cambodia; For Group meeting you should introduce people in order to rank. Handshakes are general however you should be careful not to be too tight which can be considered as aggressive. It is the tradition that if the man is doing business with the woman, they should keep distance to avoid misinterpret from the others because Cambodians has a strongly traditional in sexuality for example eye contact should be kept to a minimum. Cambodians address them with the title Lok for a man and Lok Srey for a woman with the first name only or both the first and the last name. CULTURAL DIMENSIONS Nowadays the world is separated in different countries and culture and many people still dont know much about their international business partners and how to deal with them in the right way. Therefore business people should need to know how they can cope with the foreign partners. This part is emphasized on the cultural dimensions and communication in South East Asia including Lao and Cambodia. It is an important to know about the fundamental facts of these countries if you want to do successful business in SE Asia. Cultural Dimensions from Hofstede High power distance Societies have significant gaps between the higher power and the weak. There is related distinguished to unfairness between the rich and the poor. High level of uncertainty avoidance The cultures in SE Asia tend to reduce risk and ensure financial securities, many written rules, less risk taking by managers, lower labor turnover and less ambitious employees. Collectivism People are very interested in long lasting relationships and give priority to a group, family or society. They care each other in change for loyalty and tend to show less individual. High feminity (low masculinity index) Care each other and quality of life for both men and women. Managers give their employees more credit if they have high responsibility for their tasks and allow them more freedom.

Ancient Babylonia :: World History

Ancient Babylonia When studying Ancient Babylonia it is notably important to look at these factors: daily life, religion, people, society, government and economy so we can determine the development of the civilization and how it is similar to the way we live today. The Babylonian Empire is unique because their government was run by a law known as the Code of Hammurabi similarly are government is run by numerous laws. Their knowledge of science and astrology is intriguing due to the fact that they were the first civilization to form the basis of the sixteen month of thirty days calendar, their discovery of the calendar lend us to the calendars we have today. In addition to government, science and astrology their economy was very modern and played an immense part in their daily life. The way the Babylonians lived life is identical to the way we live our life today. In today's society we are governed and protected by laws, well we can say the same about Ancient Babylonia their society was governed and protected by the Code of Hammurabi(1750). The Code of Hammurabi main purposes were " to make justice visible in the land, to destroy the wicked person and the evil doer, so that the strong might not injure the weak". Our legal system is somewhat like this in terms of we sentence and enforce punishments on the criminals to protect other innocent citizens. Just like are prime minister, the Babylonian king Hammurabi wished to secure a uniform pattern of justice throughout his land, to certify that everyone was well aware of punishments and rules before breaking or committing them. The most well known term to describe this law is " an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth". This quote indicated that the punishment suited the crime. The Babylonian civilization was considerably keen on science, mathematics and astrology. They were apprehensive in the cause of medicine an example of this is their belief that sin was the cause of a patient's illness. Here is an old Babylonian proverb that says " an infection without a doctor is like hunger without food". What this is saying is they depended on doctors to suit their needs just as we depend on food to suit hunger. This describes perfectly what the Ancient Babylonian civilization was like, they depended on doctors and herbal medicine just as we do today.

In my day by Russell Baker Essay

Russell Baker, talks about his old and ailing mother in â€Å"In My Day†. With her growing age grew her senility, and she behaved like a young child on some days, while she invited her son to her funeral some other days. The author’s main purpose is to unravel the human emotions and highlighting some of the shortcomings we have as humans. He speaks both in subjective and objective terms as he tells of how we all have a habit of bringing to the forefront our past lives, but not realizing that the person who is addressed has no connection with it and is totally indifferent towards it. The stream of thought becomes more subjective when he presents his realizations after meeting his mother and wished to respect his past when he says, â€Å"These hopeless end-of-the-line visits with my mother made me wish I had not thrown off my own past so carelessly.† The dominant impression is formed with care as he presents the details of the mental state her mother is in and the reader is glum upon identifying that. The description of his mother’s character is again done in a beautiful manner and we get a clear idea of the power she exudes as a woman, he calls her a â€Å"formidable woman†. The sensory descriptions are especially notable in â€Å"In My Day†, when Russell has given descriptions such as â€Å"view of hazy blue Virginia Mountains behind the apple orchard†, â€Å"a doll with huge, fierce eyes† and more such descriptions of the past incidents. These techniques combined together make this piece interesting and captivating for the readers.

An Insider Of The Subculture Know Hip Hop - 923 Words

In my room took place a meeting with a friend of mine that consider himself an insider of the subculture know as hip-hop. Quin Smith is a 24-year-old African American male employee at Geico, as a Sales Representative and close friend. He is 5’2, with short wavy black hair, that typically wear collar t- shirts, dark blue jeans, and his favorite pair of white shoes. Now, to you he may seem like a short nerd with no life (lol) but, not true. I mean, he is a nerd, but a handsome vibrant nerd that loves to have fun At the age of eleven Mr. Smith started listening to hip-hop music after purchasing his first silver CD player. One of his first CD’s was Eve second album Scorpion followed by engaging with other artists like Biggie, Nelly, Missy Elliot, Busta Rhymes, and Ja Rule. The interview process didn’t start out how most people would expect. Quin is an energetic, loud, and very opinionated, person. So going into the interview I knew I was getting some real answers along with a few jokes on the side. I started off asking Quin numerous times are you ready, now remind you we talked about this interview a few hours early, so he replies for what, I mentioned the interview. He goes off and say, oh yeah, I forgot. Typical Quin, to forget. Before getting into the more in depth questions, I wanted to see if Quin considered himself a part of hip-hop subculture and why? So, after I cleared my voice around several times, I asked my first question. Do you consider yourself a part of theShow MoreRelatedThe Day That Wal-Mart Dropped the Smiley Face4464 Words   |  18 Pagesrein to say things about our company that just are not true,† said lee Scott, president and chief executive office. â€Å" Our associates [Wal-Mart speak for employees] are tired of it and we’ve decided to draw our own line in the sand.† It is too soon to know if the campaign will succeed, although some are already skeptical. According to retail marketing consultant Jordan Zimmerman, aggressive mage campaigns like Wal-Mart’s are rare and costly. And ads that directly address the company’s critics will notRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393 164 Words   |  1573 PagesWork Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/CounterpointRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesas what is demonstrated. Although we have known about the principles of effective relationships for a very long time, the history of humankind illustrates that these principles have not always been practiced. Especially in our current day, what we know and what we demonstrate do not always match. Dr. Bob Moorehead of Seattle’s Overlake Christian Church, who resigned his own position under a cloud of accusations, described it this way: The paradox of our time in history is that we have taller buildings

Mental Health And Social Work. Mental Health Social Workers

Mental Health and Social Work Mental health social workers provide prevention, remedies, and healing of many mental illnesses, by working with the client as well as their family. This type of social work has been on the rise due to an increase in mental illnesses. Three examples of a mental illness are as follows: schizophrenia, eating disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Those are just a few examples out of many, but with mental illness, you can be sure that a social worker is not far behind. The mental health social workers work diligently to address each level of their client’s diagnoses. The settings in which a social worker can work vary by the degree the social work has earned and employer requirements. The previously†¦show more content†¦There are many services a social worker can perform to create a safe environment for their clients. As a matter of fact, a social worker can administer individual therapy, family therapy, vocational rehabilitation, group therapy, and assertive community treatment (Timothy Tunner, 2017). When providing a client with individual therapy it is one on one and it gives the social worker a chance to understand their client’s past struggles that may have been the cause of the onset of schizophrenia. While performing individual therapy psychoanalytic therapy is said to explore problems and experiences that a person may have had as a child (Timothy Tunner, 2017). For this reason, psychoanalytic therapy is not recommended for a person with schizophrenia (Timothy Tunner, 2017). With family therapy, there is no guarantee that the client with schizophrenia will even be present. Family therapy is mostly a support group for the families of the mentally ill. This is a time for the families to ask questions and to get a better understanding of the illness. 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Feminism, The Yellow Wallpaper, And Jackson s The Lottery

Feminism, the belief that women and men should both have equal rights, was a movement that many men did not believe in before the 1960s and 1970s. The feminist movement started after the 1970s. Women such as Adrienne Rich (poet), Charlotte Perkins Gilman (feminist) and Shirley Jackson (writer), are women that used their works of literature to show their views on the ways men controlled their wives physically and mentally. Rich wrote Living In Sin, Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper, and Jackson wrote The Lottery. Although each work of literature is written by a different author, they each have the same common theme, feminism. These writers displayed this common theme throughout the use of literary devices, characterization, setting, and plot structure. This critical paper will specify the many examples they used while comparing and contrasting the settings, characters importance, and the point of view that the author used. Adrienne Rich, also known as Adrienne Cecile Rich, was born on May 16, 1929. Rich’s father influenced her to start writing, which he hoped (Adrienne Rich). If not for her father introducing her to literature and inspiring her to write, she would not have many of the accomplishments she has, or created other major writings that people have come to love. Rich received many awards; such as, the National Poetry Association award in 1989, Robert Frost Silver Medal for Lifetime Achievement Poetry in 1992, Lenore Marshall National Poetry Prize, and Los AngelesShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson And The Yellow Wallpaper1302 Words   |  6 Pages Reading The Lottery by Shirley Jackson and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman make the reader so passionate to know what is going to happen next because they are two of the most expressive and meaningful stories that have lots of great deep meanings. These stories share so many similarities when it comes to symbols, themes, and conflicts. Although The Lottery and The Yellow Wallpaper do not have the same plot, their themes have some similarities like following unfair traditions

Managerial and Behavioral Approach Management

Question: Discuss about the Managerial and Behavioral Approach Management. Answer: Introduction: John Tomey, the business manager at Wesfarmers had been facing a number of issues related to Human Resource Management in the organization. It has been understood by John that he lacks certain capabilities and requires skill set that would help him to build a better relationship with the employees of the organization that would directly help in improving the performance of the business. Analysis of the case study: As commented by Shafritz et al. (2015, p.42), organizational performance is the practice of actively utilizing the resources of the organization. These include the core competencies as well as the strength of the employees working in the organization. In order to achieve the targeted goals, it is important to undertake best suitable practices as business strategies for the organization. In this respect, Shafritz, Ott Jang, (2015, p.62) commented that by improving the performance of the employees, the organization will be able to cut costs and would increase efficiency of the organization. From the case study it has been evident that the staffs that John inherited do not make the numbers in their performance and some of them do not live the values. Therefore, it is evident that focus has to be made on improving the performance of the staffs as well as the managers of the organization. As stated by Naylor et al. (2013, p.32), business strategies vary from one organization to another depending on the capability and the availability of the resources in the organization. The management of the organization is responsible for framing the organizational strategies. Thus, it completely depends on the managers at the higher authority to frame the best suitable strategies for the particular organization. In case of Wesfarmer, it has to be said that since, the organization is involved in a number of activities it requires support from the employees at a continuous basis. Therefore, it is important to frame organizational strategies focusing on building positive relationship between the managers and the employees of the Company. Best-fit or best practices: The best fit or best practice organizational strategies that the managers can adopt that will lead to the growth of the business are by motivating the employees. It has to be understood that the several divisions of the Wesfarmers and it is a large conglomerate of mixed business. Therefore, it is required to come up with certain organizational strategies that would influence the employees to participate in the workplace activities. A number of performance improving best-fit organizational strategies can be mentioned here. Performance-pay practices: The HR practice can be based upon performance pay. It is advised that performance based pay option can be easily adopted as one of the organizational strategies. As commented by Shafiee, Lotfi Saleh, (2014, p.5096), performance based pay is the most practical application that the HR management of an organization can apply to improve the efficiency of the employees. The employees should be given some extra pay for their performance, for instance, if they work over time or more than their target. As pointed out by Hoque, (2014, p.50), that money always attracts employees and compel them to work more efficiently. Therefore, it is highly recommended to give incentives and bonuses to the employees working in Wesfarmers. Performance management: Performance management is the practice of using the performance data of the employees to improve the performance of the organization. The practice involves the strategic use of various measurements and standard of performance to achieve the targets and goals of the organization. As commented by Keyes, (2016, p.40), it falls on the part of the managers to set the expectations of work on the employees and keep reviewing the performance to achieve better results and reward performance. In this respect, Hansen Schaltegger, (2016, p.210) pointed out that performance is the sum of the behavior and the result, which clearly indicates that the employee should also focus on their behavior to achieve better performance results. Therefore, it is suggested that at Wesfarmers, John could come up with a performance management plan and would collect data of the performance of the employees and the managers. However, Mugo, M., Njanja David, (2015, p.42) pointed out that there are a number of limit ations of measuring the performance. For instance, the performance management data could not include the timeliness, reliability and validity of the particular employee. RBV approach towards the organization: The Resource-based view or the RBV theory is based on gaining competitive advantage by a firm by utilizing the tangible and intangible resources available to the organization. As commented by Miner (2015, p.36), the available resources can be utilized by an organization for gaining not only short term advantages but for long term competitive advantage as well. If the available resources are utilized properly, there remain better chances of gaining a consistent growth in the market. In case of Wesfarmers, it can be said that better training and learning procedure can be introduced in the organization to teach the employees and improve the capabilities of them (Hansen Schaltegger, 2016, p.203). In order to achieve this, it is expected that the organization should come up with better training programs where the employees could be taught for improving the performance of the employees and workers of the organization. Corporate growth strategies: It is expected that the manager should also focus on the corporate growth strategies as well. As stated by Mugo, Njanja David, (2015, p.52), there are a number of internal methods that can be used for the purpose of corporate growth. For instance, the corporate strategies should include methods of developing new markets for the sales of the products manufactured by the organization. It has been found that Wesfarmers is responsible for the manufacturing of a number of products. Therefore, focus should be made on increasing the market penetration of the products. Purce, (2014, p.23) revealed a number of strategies for corporate growth. These include, external methods like acquiring or merging other organizations belonging to the same category. In addition to this, the organization might come up with the approach of introducing new products in the existing market. For the same purpose, there might be need of new hiring of employees or alerting the existing employees about the introduct ion of the new product (Klarner, Yoshikawa Hitt, 2014, p.65). This could be done by the manager at the workplace. Training the employees will ensure better quality and performance at the workplace. Balanced Scorecard approach: The Balanced Scorecard approach is a system perspective but can be regarded as an integrated approach to measure organizational performance. In the view point of Goswami Ha-Brookshire, (2015, p.260), in order to manage and deploy the organizational resources to deliver and fulfill the organizational objectives that falls on the prime responsibility of the senior managers, the balanced scorecard method is used by the organization. It is expected that an organization should come up with their scorecard measurement performance and generate their valuable information related to various organizational activities. As pointed out by De Waal, (2013, p.36), it is with the help of the analysis of the balanced scorecard the management can be aware of the potential performance of the employees and can design their strategic makeover. Four major perspectives of utilizing the balanced scored card are Financial, Customer, Operational and People. It is expected that the organizational objectives should be cascade down to those four perspectives in order to achieve a clear path of the implementation of the organizational strategies. A balanced scorecard-factors example that John can implement in the said organization can be given as under: Department Function Finance Keeping an understanding of the major areas of functions including Return on Investment, the Cash Flow, Return on Capital of the employed workers and half yearly or quarterly financial results (Wolpert et al. 2014, p.52). Internal Business Processes The internal organizational activities including understanding the function of each employee in the organization. In case if there is creation of duplication of work that has to be stopped that the efficiency of the work increase. If applicable, the organization is also expected to carry out process bottlenecks and process automation approaches to improve the organizational effectiveness (Shields et al. 2015, p.63). Advanced technology has to be used in order to carry out the business activities in the organization. The software should be easily accessible to all and that the employees should be able to communicate properly and update their activities accordingly. Learning and Growth As already mentioned, there should be the provision for teaching and learning the employees and the workers. As commented by Poister, Pasha Edwards, (2013, p.635), there should remain a level of work satisfaction among the workers that they would be able to perform best as per their ability. Providing better opportunities to the employees to perform in the organization will provide better opportunities to develop and improve the organizational activities. Customer Whatever work that is done in the organization is aimed at satisfying the needs of the customers. Therefore, focus should be made on improving the organizational performance that would ultimately help to satisfy the customers. In this respect, it can also be added that gaining feedback from the customers can also help to improve the organizational activities (Budworth, Latham Manroop, 2015, p.50). Therefore, the manager is also expected to carry out surveys at a regular basis to understanding the changing nature of demand of the employees. Table: Balanced scorecard approach towards the organization Summary of strategies required to improve business performance The paper is based on the analysis of the issues faced by John at Wesfarmers. It has been observed that John is responsible for managing the internal mangers as well as the staffs of the organization. It has been observed that in order to meet the organizational activities and improve the present condition of the organization, it is important to apply a number of organizational strategies. These strategies should be best fit practices for the organization. It has been observed that there should be improvement in the organizational practices. For instances, there should be introduction of a number of motivational factors that would help the employees to motivate in the work place and increase their efficiencies (Goswami Ha-Brookshire, 2015, p.260). For the same reason, a number of practices have been proposed. For instance, motivating employees on the basis of performance pay. There should be introduction of incentives and bonuses to the employees for their performance at the organiz ation. In addition to this, the performance of the employees should be regularly followed and measured. There should be awards and recognition to be given to the employees as a part of the motivational factors. Apart from that, it has also been understood that it is indeed important to utilize the resources available at the organization to a large extent that will automatically improve the organizational operation to a large extent (Mugo, Njanja David, 2015, p.52). The approach of framing the balanced scorecard cannot be denied. It has to be said that it is by the means of framing a balanced scorecard of the different areas of functions, it is possible to carry out a balanced operational activity in the organization. It has been suggested that the strategic management should include the introduction of new and advanced technology at the workplace. As proposed by Shields et al. (2015, p.63), technological advancement has opened up better opportunities for the organization as well as the emp loyees working in the organization to utilize the technology to improve their work. Therefore, there should be introduction of technologies as well. Apart from this, taking feedbacks from the customers of the organization is also important. It is on the basis of the feedback, changes in the organizational activities are recommended. All these activities have to carry on by the managers of the Company. Therefore, John is responsible for understanding the situation and framing organizational activities accordingly. Conclusion: The paper has highlighted the problems faced by John, the manager at Wesfarmers. A number of organizational strategies have been highlighted that the manager can apply at the workplace to improve the present context of the organization. It is thus, expected that if the organization carry out the proposed strategies, it would be effective for the organization. References: Budworth, M.H., Latham, G.P. Manroop, L., 2015. Looking forward to performance improvement: a field test of the feedforward interview for performance management.Human Resource Management,Vol. 54(1), pp.45-54. De Waal, A., 2013.Strategic Performance Management: A managerial and behavioral approach. Palgrave Macmillan. Goswami, S. Ha-Brookshire, J., 2015. From compliance to a growth strategy: Exploring historical transformation of corporate sustainability.Journal of Global Responsibility, Vol.6(2), pp.246-261. Hansen, E.G. Schaltegger, S., 2016. The sustainability balanced scorecard: A systematic review of architectures.Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 133(2), pp.193-221. 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